BASICS OF SOFTWARE TESTING

BASICS OF SOFTWARE TESTING

Table of Contents

Introduction

In today’s fast-paced digital world, software testing plays a critical role in delivering high-quality software solutions. Whether you’re a budding tester or an experienced professional, understanding the fundamentals of software testing is essential to advancing your career. This blog will explore the basics of software testing, supported by real-world examples, and provide a roadmap to success with software quality assurance training.

What is Software Testing?

BASICS OF SOFTWARE TESTING

Software testing is a crucial phase in the software development lifecycle (SDLC) that ensures the quality, reliability, and usability of a software application. It involves evaluating a software product to detect errors, verify its functionality, and ensure that it meets the specified requirements.

Let’s dive deeper into the concept of software testing with structured insights:

Definition of Software Testing

Software testing is the process of executing a program or application with the intent of identifying bugs and verifying that the software operates as expected. It assesses both functional and non-functional aspects of the application to ensure high standards of quality.

For example, testing a banking app involves verifying basic functionalities like login, fund transfer, and account management, as well as non-functional aspects such as performance during peak usage hours.

Why is Software Testing Important?

Ensures Quality and Reliability

Software testing ensures that the application delivers consistent performance and behaves as intended across different environments and conditions.

Enhances Customer Satisfaction

A well-tested product provides a seamless user experience, which directly impacts customer satisfaction and retention.

Reduces Costs

Finding and fixing defects during the development phase is significantly cheaper than addressing them after the product’s release.

Protects Brand Reputation

Releasing a buggy product can damage a company’s reputation. Testing ensures that issues are identified and resolved before launch.

Objectives of Software Testing

Verify Functionality

Ensure that the software meets the specified functional requirements.

Detect Defects

Identify and log errors, bugs, and inconsistencies in the application.

Validate Usability

Evaluate the ease of use and overall user experience of the software.

Enhance Security

Identify vulnerabilities and ensure the application is protected against cyber threats.

Types of Software Testing

BASICS OF SOFTWARE TESTING

Functional Testing

Focuses on verifying that the software performs its intended functions.

  • Example: Testing a shopping cart in an e-commerce application to ensure proper item addition and payment processing.

Non-Functional Testing

Evaluates the performance, scalability, and reliability of the software.

  • Example: Assessing the response time of a website under heavy traffic conditions.

Manual Testing

Involves testers executing test cases manually without using automation tools.

  • Example: Testing a social media app’s new features through exploratory testing.

Automation Testing

Utilizes tools to automate repetitive tasks and execute test cases efficiently.

  • Example: Running Selenium scripts to test a web application’s login functionality.

The Process of Software Testing

Software testing follows a structured process, often called the Software Testing Life Cycle (STLC):

  1. Requirement Analysis: Understanding what needs to be tested.
  2. Test Planning: Creating a roadmap for the testing process.
  3. Test Case Development: Writing detailed test cases based on requirements.
  4. Environment Setup: Preparing the necessary hardware and software for testing.
  5. Test Execution: Running test cases and logging defects.
  6. Test Closure: Evaluating the outcomes and finalizing documentation.

Real-World Examples of Software Testing

Example 1: E-Commerce Application

  • Scenario: Verifying that the discount coupon functionality applies the correct discount percentage.
  • Testing Type: Functional testing and regression testing.

Example 2: Banking Software

  • Scenario: Ensuring secure fund transfers through multi-factor authentication.
  • Testing Type: Security testing and performance testing.

Example 3: Gaming Application

  • Scenario: Checking that a multiplayer game works smoothly during peak hours.
  • Testing Type: Load testing and stress testing.

Tools Used in Software Testing

Manual Testing Tools

  • Jira: Bug tracking and project management.
  • TestLink: Test case management.

Automation Testing Tools

  • Selenium: For web application testing.
  • Appium: For mobile application testing.
  • LoadRunner: For performance testing.

Challenges in Software Testing

  1. Changing Requirements: Agile environments often experience shifting priorities.
  2. Time Constraints: Limited time to test thoroughly due to tight deadlines.
  3. Tool Selection: Choosing the right tool for specific testing needs.
  4. Ensuring Coverage: Verifying that all functional and non-functional requirements are tested.

The Future of Software Testing

As technology evolves, software testing is becoming more sophisticated with advancements like:

  • AI-Powered Testing: Automating complex test scenarios using artificial intelligence.
  • Continuous Testing in DevOps: Integrating testing into the DevOps pipeline for faster releases.
  • Cloud Testing: Leveraging cloud environments for scalable and cost-effective testing.

Software testing is indispensable for delivering reliable and high-performing software solutions. By understanding its basics, types, and challenges, you can appreciate its value in the software development process.

Whether you’re a beginner or looking to enhance your skills, structured training in software testing, such as the courses offered by H2K Infosys, can help you gain industry-relevant expertise and advance your career.

The Importance of Software Testing

Software testing is not just about finding bugs; it’s about ensuring quality, reliability, and user satisfaction.

BASICS OF SOFTWARE TESTING
  • Prevents Failures: Testing helps identify potential failures before software reaches the end-user.
  • Saves Costs: Fixing defects early in the development cycle is cheaper than post-deployment fixes.
  • Enhances User Experience: A bug-free application delivers a seamless experience.

The Software Testing Lifecycle (STLC)

The STLC is a systematic process that defines the sequence of activities involved in software testing.

Requirement Analysis

  • Objective: Understand what needs to be tested.
  • Activities:
    • Analyze software requirements documents.
    • Identify testable and non-testable requirements.
  • Real-World Example: A tester analyzing a banking app’s login functionality to ensure multi-factor authentication is included.

Test Planning

  • Objective: Outline the testing approach, scope, and resources.
  • Activities:
    • Create a test plan document.
    • Define roles and responsibilities.
  • Real-World Example: Allocating automation testing for repetitive tasks and manual testing for exploratory tests.

Test Case Development

  • Objective: Write detailed test cases based on requirements.
  • Activities:
    • Create test scenarios.
    • Design positive and negative test cases.
  • Real-World Example: Writing test cases for an e-commerce app’s checkout process to cover scenarios like coupon application and payment failures.

Test Environment Setup

  • Objective: Prepare the hardware and software conditions under which the testing will occur.
  • Activities:
    • Configure the test environment.
    • Verify database connections.
  • Real-World Example: Setting up mobile device emulators to test a mobile app across different operating systems.

Test Execution

  • Objective: Execute the prepared test cases.
  • Activities:
    • Log defects in a bug-tracking tool.
    • Re-execute test cases after fixes.
  • Real-World Example: Running automation scripts on an Inventory management system to check stock updates.

Test Closure

  • Objective: Conclude the testing process and evaluate outcomes.
  • Activities:
    • Prepare test summary reports.
    • Document lessons learned.
  • Real-World Example: Creating a summary report for a gaming app launch detailing the defects found and resolved.

Key Techniques in Software Testing

Black-Box Testing

  • Focuses on testing without knowledge of internal code structure.
  • Example: Testing a login page by entering valid and invalid credentials.

White-Box Testing

  • Involves testing with a thorough understanding of the internal code.
  • Example: Verifying loops and conditions in a search algorithm.

Exploratory Testing

  • Performed without predefined test cases, focusing on discovery.
  • Example: Exploring a new feature in a social media app to uncover edge cases.

Challenges in Software Testing

  1. Changing Requirements: Agile projects often face shifting priorities.
  2. Test Coverage: Ensuring all scenarios are tested is challenging.
  3. Tool Selection: Choosing the right tool for automation testing.
  4. Time Constraints: Limited time to test thoroughly.

Solution

Invest in Software quality assurance training to learn how to tackle these challenges effectively.

Popular Software Testing Tools

Manual Testing Tools

  • Jira: For bug tracking and project management.
  • TestRail: For test case management.

Automation Testing Tools

  • Selenium: Open-source for web applications.
  • Appium: For mobile app testing.
  • JMeter: For performance testing.

Career Opportunities in Software Testing

Software testing offers diverse career paths, including:

  • Manual Tester: Entry-level position for freshers.
  • Automation Engineer: Focuses on scripting and tool usage.
  • Performance Tester: Specializes in assessing system performance.
  • Test Manager: Oversees the entire testing process.

How to Start Your Journey in Software Testing

Enroll in a Course

Join a structured course like those offered by H2K Infosys, specializing in Courses for software testers and software quality assurance training.

Learn Testing Tools

Master tools like Selenium and Jira to stay competitive.

Practice Hands-On Testing

Apply theoretical knowledge to real-world projects.

The software is set of programs developed for specific purpose. The internet banking software, flight reservation system, mobile applications, operating systems, antivirus and so on are examples of the software. Software is used by people of all age group and professions. Software is used in every organisation and business. It would not be wrong to say software is omnipresent. The software needs a thorough testing before it is released to users. The basics of software testing should be understood by every software tester.

Since the software has become integral part of every business and organisation, failure of the software can lead to loss of business, reputation, time, money, and sometimes even the life of people.

To understand the basics of software testing, the below terminologies are to be understood.

Error: 

The error is a human mistake. The errors can be committed by anyone in the IT team during the different phases of software development. The BA (Business analyst) may have misunderstood or misinterpreted the requirements. The client may have provided insufficient or incorrect information. The architect may have the flaw in the software design. The developers may have done the logical errors in the programs. The people in team make mistakes due to lethargy, time pressure, unclear or insufficient requirements, assumptions, complexity of requirements and various other reasons.

Defect:

A defect is a result of the error.  The defect is also termed as a fault. Sometimes defect is a synonym of bug. Though the clear different between the two terms in not made. The bug usually refers to the fault in development environment and defect refers to the fault in test environment. A defect occurs when behaviour of actual software developed by developer is not same as expectation of the client.

Failure:

A failure is a consequence of defect. The software is said to be a failure when it fails to perform in the real environment. The failure is also caused due to faults in the hardware system. The environment conditions in which the software is expected to perform can cause the failure. The environment condition can include magnetism, electronic fields, radiations, pollutions, chemical effects and so on.

The errors lead to defects and defects lead to failure of the software. Software testing evaluates the quality of the software.

Conclusion

Software testing is the backbone of delivering high-quality applications in today’s tech-driven world. From understanding the basics of testing to mastering advanced techniques and tools, investing in the right training is crucial for success. Whether you’re a beginner or an experienced professional looking to upskill, the structured approach and practical knowledge gained through expert training can make all the difference.

Enroll in H2K Infosys’ courses for software testers and get industry-relevant software quality assurance training to transform your career. Don’t wait start your journey now!

93 Responses

  1. Defect : Is a result of a human error , it is an actual behavior of the software , developed by developer is not same as expected.
    Failure : When Software fails to perform its actual purpose .

  2. The basic terms involved in software testing are error, defect and failure.
    Errors are caused by human mistakes such as misinterpretation of requirements, due to ignorance or or when work has to be completed under extreme time constraints. Different members of the IT team can make different kinds of errors. These errors lead to defects or faults in the software. Defect in the software means that the software developed does not behave as expected by the requirements of the client. These defects eventually leads to software failure. Software failure means the software fails to perform in the real environment. Failure in software can also be due to some faults in the hardware system or the environment in which the software should work.

  3. 1. List any two basic terms related to software testing with their meaning in two sentences.

    Defect:A defect is a result of the error. The defect is also termed as a fault. Sometimes defect is a synonym of bug. Though the clear different between the two terms in not made. The bug usually refers to the fault in development environment and defect refers to the fault in test environment. A defect occurs when behaviour of actual software developed by developer is not same as expectation of the client.
    Failure:
    A failure is a consequence of defect. The software is said to be a failure when it fails to perform in the real environment. The failure is also caused due to faults in the hardware system. The environment conditions in which the software is expected to perform can cause the failure. The environment condition can include magnetism, electronic fields, radiations, pollutions, chemical effects and so on.

  4. Error: Error is a human mistake. It can be committed by anyone in the IT team during the different phases of software development, example , client, architect or developer . Errors can be made due to time pressure, unclear requirements, assumptions, or complexity of requirements, etc.

    Defect: Defect is also termed as fault. It is also called a bug. A defect occurs when behavior of actual software developed is different than the expectation of the client.

  5. Error: Errors are caused by human mistake. eg: Different members of the IT team can make different kinds of errors. team make mistakes due to lethargy, time pressure, unclear or insufficient requirements, assumptions, complexity of requirements and various other reasons. These errors lead to defects or faults in the software.
    Failure: A failure is a consequence of defect. The software is said to be a failure when it fails to perform in the real environment.

  6. Error and defect: Error is a human mistake, eg, developer makes a logical error while coding or BA makes an error in understanding the requirement. Defect is the result of the error.

  7. A Software DEFECT / BUG is a condition in a software product which does not meet a software requirement (as stated in the requirement specifications) or end-user expectation (which may not be specified but is reasonable). In other words, a defect is an error in coding or logic that causes a program to malfunction or to produce incorrect/unexpected results.

    FUNCTIONAL TESTING is a type of software testing whereby the system is tested against the functional requirements/specifications.
    Functions (or features) are tested by feeding them input and examining the output. Functional testing ensures that the requirements are properly satisfied by the application. This type of testing is not concerned with how processing occurs, but rather, with the results of processing. It simulates actual system usage but does not make any system structure assumptions.
    During functional testing, Black Box Testing technique is used in which the internal logic of the system being tested is not known to the tester.

  8. Two basic terms
    Error: Error generated by human mistake in a team

    Defeats: Defeats also resulted and a s result of the existing error in the software

  9. Ans. : The two basic terms related of software testing are:
    • Defect: A defect is a result of the error. The defect is also termed as a fault. Sometimes defect is a synonym of bug.
    • Failure: A failure is a consequence of defect. The software is said to be a failure when it fails to perform in the real environment. The failure is also caused due to faults in the hardware system.

  10. List any two basic terms related to software testing with their meaning in two sentences.
    Defect:
    A defect is a fault.A defect occurs when the behavior of the developed software is not same as expected of the client requirement.
    Failure:
    Defects in the software leads to failure.The software is said to be failure if fails to perform in the real environment.

  11. Error:- The error is a human mistake.The error can be commited by anyone in the IT team during the different phases of the software development.The BA may have misunderstood or misinterpreted the requirments.The client may have provided insufficient or in correct information.
    Defect- The defect is a result of or outcome of the errors.Sometimes defects is synonym of bug.The bug usually refers to the fault in development environment and defect refers to the in test environment.

  12. ERROR IS A HUMAN MISTAKE.IT CAN CAUSE BY MISUNDERSTOOD THE CLEINT REQUIREMENTS AND INCORRECT INFORMATION.
    DEFECTS CAN OCCURS DUE TO ERRORS.

  13. Defect, termed as a fault, is a result of the error. Defect occurs when behviour of actual software is not same as expected behaviour.
    Failure is said when the software fails to perform in the real environment. Also the environment conditions can cause the failure of the software.

  14. Error is a human mistake can be made by either client, BA, architect, developer or any of the IT team.
    Defect is a result of error or fault in the test environment. A defect occurs when the behavior of the actual software developed by the developer is not as expected by the client.

  15. Error is a human mistake, may be caused by misinterpretation of reqs, or Insuficient information from clients, or just when deadlines are to be met.
    Defect is the result of errors. In a testing environment its called a defect, while in a dev. environment is called a bug.

  16. Error, defect and failure are three aspects of software testing life cycle when the system is ready for execution.
    Error is the human made mistake and can be rectified by revisiting the particular program that’s causing the error.
    Defect is the unexpected result of a software
    System failure is the non performance of a software on a particular OS or non compatibility with the existing system.

  17. Error: any incorrect human action that produces a problem in the system is called an error
    failure: deviation identified by the end user while using the system.

  18. 1. Defect – An error leads to a defect. Defect is a fault in testing environment. When the behaviour of the software is not as per clients expectation a defect occurs.
    2. Failure – A defect leads to failure. When a software fails to perform in the real world it is deemed to be a failure. The environment in which a software is supposed to perform may cause failure.

  19. 1).Defect- The variation between the actual results and the expected results is know as a defect.
    2).Error-A mistake done in coding by the developer is an error.
    3).Failure-After release, if an end user finds an issue then that particular issue is called as failure.

  20. Error : Error is human mistake and can be committed by any one in IT team in any phase of software development life cycle.

    Defect : Its the result of an error and when actual software is not in compliance with customer expectations.

  21. 1. Error –
    Error is the mistake done by human and it can be done at any phase of the software development for exp. BA may
    misunderstood the requirements ,developer may have made some logical mistakes etc.

    2. Defect –
    Defect or bug is caused as a result of the errors made either in the development or testing phase of the software.
    Defect is occur when the developed software does not meet the client expectations.

  22. Error: this is a human mistakes cause by misunderstanding or misinterpretation of the client requirements. Error can occur when the client provides insufficient information and the dead line has to be mates.
    Failure: a defect leads to failures. When a software doesn’t perform in the real life environment, it’s a failure.

  23. Errors-its a human mistake. The errors can be committed by anyone in the IT team during the different phases of software development. The BA may have misunderstood or misinterpreted the requirements.

    Defect–The defect is also termed as a fault. Sometimes defect is a synonym of bug. A defect occurs when behavior of actual software developed by developer is not same as expectation of the client.

  24. Defect – A result of an error or fault in test environment. It occurs when the expected behavior of the software the development team made differs from the actual software handed to the testing team.
    Failure- Failure occurs when the software is unable to perform in the real environment. The environment itself can cause the system to malfunction or not perform as well.

  25. 1.Defect: It is the result of human error. Defect in the software means either it is not doing what it is suppose to do or it is doing what it is not suppose to do or it is missing something in the process.
    2.Failure: It is the result of defect in the software program. Failure is when the software fails to comply with the requirement in the real environment.

  26. Error — it is basically considered as a human mistake, it can be occurred due to misunderstanding, misinterpretation or lack of information. It can also be caused by time pressure, inaccurate or complex requirements.
    defect-defect or bug is caused as result of the errors made in the development or testing phase of software.

  27. Error : can be made by anyone in the IT team, that results to defect in a software.
    Failure : when software did not work properly or not meet the expectations.

  28. Basic terms for software testing:
    error – in a software development world or all of its cycle, errors can be made by developers, architect of the project or probably the client who possibly gave the wrong info or other people in the IT team. They call it the human error which you cannot really avoid.
    defect – is the result of the human error. It is not working as supposed to what is expected or planned.
    failure – is the end result of defect. It does not pass the quality control behavior in general of the software.

  29. Error:The error is a human mistake, it may be done in the phases of the software,The BA may misunderstood the requirement,the client may not have sufficient information,developers might have done some logical mistakes and so on. Defect: The defect is the result of error,this is called as a bug in the development environment where as “defect” in the test environment.

  30. Error: The error is human mistake,it can be occur at any phase of SDLC like wrong and incomplete requirement gathering, designing, developing, testing.
    Defect: The Human error leads to defect. basically, it refers to fault in testing environment. A defect occurs when actual result doesn’t match with expected result.
    Bug: BUG refers to fault in development environment. A bug occurs when there is logical error in the program.

  31. List any two basic terms related to software testing with info :
    1.Defect or Fault:
    The Defect is a result of the error.A Defect occurs while testing the software and it is because behavior of the software developed by developers is not same as expectation of the client.
    2.Failure :
    A failure is a consequence of the defect and it is said to be failure when it fails to perform in the real environment. The failure of the software can cause due to :
    Failure in the hardware system.
    Environment conditions like electronic fields, radiations, pollutions, magnetism.

  32. Defects: Defects is result of human errors. Defects occurred when actual software is not same as expected by requirement /client.
    Failure: Failure is result of defects. It occurs because of fault in hardware system or defects in software.

  33. Error: The error is a human mistake. The errors can be committed by anyone in the IT team during the different phases of software development.
    Defect: A defect is a result of the error. A defect occurs when behaviour of actual software developed by developer is not same as expectation of the client.

  34. . List any two basic terms related to software testing with their meaning in two sentences.

    Error:is a human mistake and it can be committed by BA, client, architect or developers of the software. They could have misinformed, omitted or passed on wrong requirements which leads to error in developing software as per expected requirements.

    Defect: A defect is a result of the error. The defect is also termed as a fault.A defect occurs when behaviour of actual software developed by developer is not same as expectation of the client.

  35. Error — it is basically considered as a human mistake, it can be occurred due to misunderstanding, misinterpretation or lack of information.
    Defect— defect occurs when there is an error. Defects occurred when actual software is not same as expected by the client. Sometimes defect is a synonym of bug.

  36. Errors: The software is tested before releasing to the client.There must be some errors.The error is a human mistake.It can be occure if BA may have misinterpreted the requirement.Or the client may have given insufficient information.
    Defects: Because of the errors, defects are existed.It is also mean bug.Defects occure when behavior of actual software developed by developer is not same as client expected.

  37. Error: It is a human mistake. It can happen in any phase of s/w development. The error or mistakes happen due to time pressure, insufficient req by the client, misunderstanding of req’s, assumptions etc.
    Defects: results of errors are called as defects. Also called as bug. But sometimes the bugs are usually referred to fault in development environment and defects are referred to faults in test environment.
    Failure: the defects lead to failure. When the s/w fails to perform in real environment then it is said failure. The failure is caused due to the faults in h/w system, environment condition can include magnetism, electronic fields, radiations, pollutions, chemical effects and so on.

  38. List any two basic terms related to software testing with their meaning in two sentences.
    • Defect: behavior of software developed is defers from the expected one
    • Failure: when the software fails to perform in the real environment.

  39. Defect refers to the fault in the test environment and found by testers.
    Bug refers to the fault found in the development environment and can be found by developers, testers.

  40. 1. List any two basic terms related to software testing with their meaning in two sentences.
    * Error – it can ne described as the human mistake in the process of understanding the requirements by BA, or at the development level by the developer..
    * Defect – its the result of error. it can be called with different names like Bug in the programming environment, and defect in the testing environment. This will lead to ”Failure” of the software in the real time environment.

  41. Error: The error is a human mistake. The errors can be committed by anyone in the IT team during the different phases of software development.
    Defect: A defect is a result of the error. The defect is also termed as a fault. Sometimes defect is a synonym of bug.
    Failure: A failure is a consequence of defect. The software is said to be a failure when it fails to perform in the real environment. The failure is also caused due to faults in the hardware system.

  42. List any two basic terms related to software testing with their meaning in two sentences.
    Error : Error means mistake. It is a human action that causes incorrect result or do not give the expected result. The early detection of error saves time and cost.
    Defect : Any flaw in the software system or component can make the system fail or not performing as it is expected. The defect also called bug or fault in the system and can be fixed only by the developers.

  43. List any two basic terms related to software testing with their meaning in two sentences.
    error: The error is a human mistake. The errors can be committed by anyone in the IT team during the different phases of software development.
    defect:A defect is a result of the error. The defect is also termed as a fault. Sometimes defect is a synonym of bug.

  44. Error is a human mistake and the error is committed by anyone during the development of the software.
    Defect is result of the error and defects occur when behavior of actual software developed by the developer is not same as expectation of the client.

  45. Error: It is a human mistake made during SDLC by any person in IT Team. The mistake can be made due to many reasons like lethargy, time pressure, unclear or insufficient requirements, assumptions, complexity of requirements and various other reasons.

    Defect: A Defect / Fault /Bug is a result of the error. It occurs the when behavior of actual software is not same as expected behavior.

  46. error

    The errors can be committed by anyone in the IT team during the different phases of software development.
    The BA (Business analyst) may have misunderstood the requirements or the client may provided insufficient or incorrect information or thee architect may have the flaw in the software design or the developers may have done the logical errors in the programs.

    Defect:
    A defect is a result of the error andt refers to the fault detected in test environment.
    A defect occurs when behaviour of actual software developed by developer is not same as expectation of the client.
    Failure:
    A failure is a consequence of defect. The software is said to be a failure when it fails to perform in the real
    environment.

  47. Error : Mistakes made in the software due to flaws in the design, insufficient requirement, incorrect information , lerhargy, time pressure and various other reasons.

    Defect:
    When the client expectations do not meet the outcome or the client requirements.

  48. List any two basic terms related to software testing with their meaning in two sentences
    Defect:
    Defect or fault is a result of an error that occurs when behavior of actual software developed by developer is not same as expectation of the client.
    Failure:
    It is a consequence of a defect where in the software fails to perform in the real environment due to faults in the hardware system or environment condition like magnetism, electronic fields, radiations, pollution, chemical effects and so on

  49. List any two basic terms related to software testing with their meaning in two sentences
    Defect:
    Defect or fault is a result of an error that occurs when behavior of actual software developed by developer is not same as expectation of the client.
    Failure:
    It is a consequence of a defect where in the software fails to perform in the real environment due to faults in the hardware system or environment condition like magnetism, electronic fields, radiations, pollution, chemical effects and so on

  50. 1. List any two basic terms related to software testing with their meaning in two sentences.

    Error- An error is due to mistakes by humans. He errors can be done by anyone in the IT project team in the different phases of SDLC. The BA can misunderstand when collecting the requirements from the client. The client can give incorrect or insufficient information. The software design may have flaws. The developer can make logical errors in the programs. The errors maybe due to lethargy, assumptions, incorrect requirements etc.
    Defect – A defect is when the actual behavior of the software developed by the developer is not as per the expected behavior. It is also termed as fault. It is cause of an error. The term bug is its synonym.

  51. Terms related to software testing are :
    1. Error : (human mistake)
    The mistakes made by any team member of SDLC due to various reasons like lethargy, time pressure, unclear or insufficient requirements, assumptions, complexity of requirements .

    2. Defect : (result of the error)
    It refers to the fault in test environment. It occurs when behaviour of actual software is not same as expectation of the client.

  52. Error: Error is a human mistake which happens from the client giving wrong requirements to the team involved in the development of software.

    Defect – this is the consequence of the error and is often called fault and synonymous to the term bug. Bug is the fault during development phase and defect is the fault occurring during the testing phase.

  53. Basic terms related to software testing:
    Error: It is human mistake which may happen because of insufficient information, misunderstanding, time pressure and various other reasons.
    Defect: It is result of error which occurs when client’s expectation and software developed is different. Defect is reason of failure.

  54. Error: Error is a human mistake. While developing the s/w system all sorts of people involved right from the gathering req to testing.
    An error could happen from anyone due to misunderstanding the req, improper information, logical errors in the programs which leads to Defect.

    Defect: Defect is also called as Bug or Fault. A bug is a fault in a development environment whereas defect occurs in the testing environment.

  55. A defect is a result of an error, also known as a fault. This typically occurs when the software that is developed does not meet the same expectation as the client.
    A failure is the consequence of a defect, which means it failed to work in the real environment. This can also happen if there are problems with the hardware.

  56. . The two basic terms related to software testing are : Error and Defect.
    Error:- is a human mistake. This happens by developers, business analyst, or client. Misunderstanding of required documents, insufficient information, insufficient requirements are among the causes to error.
    Defect:- Is the result of an error. A software bug is an error, flaw, failure or fault in a computer program or system that causes it to produce an incorrect or unexpected result

  57. Error: Its a human mistake and it occurs when there is a human mistake in the requirement,specification,design.
    Defect: Its a result of error and it occurs when the behavior of software developed by developer is not the same as expectation of client.

  58. Error: Error is a human mistake. It can occur at any stage of the software lifecycle.
    Defect: Defect is the result of error. Defect occurs when the software actual behavior is not same as the expected behavior.

  59. Error is a human mistake which can be committed by any member of the IT project team during different phases of the software development. Human errors may be the result of lethargy, time pressure, unclear or insufficient requirements, assumptions and inexperience.
    Defect or fault is the result of an error. A defect occurs when the behaviour of actual software developed by the developer is not the same as expected by the client.

  60. Error: It is a human mistake. It can happen in any phase of soft ware development. The error or mistakes happen due to time pressure, insufficient requirement by the client, misunderstanding o, assumptions etc.
    Defects: results of errors are called as defects. Also called as bug. But sometimes the bugs are usually referred to fault in development environment and defects are referred to faults in test environment.
    Failure: the defects lead to failure. When the software fails to perform in real environment then it is said failure. The failure is caused due to the faults in hardware system, environment condition can include magnetism, electronic fields, radiations, chemical effects and so on.

  61. The two terms related to software testing are Error and Failure.

    Error can be done by anyone (human) including the IT, tester or developer.
    Failure is when a software does not meet performance requirement. For example, the first day a software is launched, there are glitches in the software; it freezes or does not perform its assigned duty.

  62. Error: Error is a human mistake. It can be committed by anyone in the IT team during the different phases of software development, example , client, architect or developer . Errors can be made due to time pressure, unclear requirements, assumptions, or complexity of requirements, etc.

    Defect: Defect is also termed as fault. It is also called a bug. A defect occurs when behavior of actual software developed is different than the expectation of the client.

  63. The two terms related to software testing are Error and Defects:
    1.Error: It is a human mistake which can be made by anyone in the team in the initial phase of project development.
    2.Defects: It is the result of the error. It is also the difference between the actual behavior and expected behavior of the software.

  64. The two term related to testing are
    1. Defect:It is a result of the error. It occurs when the actual behaviour of software is not same as the client expectation
    2 .Failure: It is the consequence of defect.It occurs when software fails to perform in the real environment.

  65. Error: The error is a human mistake. It can be committed by anyone in the IT team during different phases of SDLC.
    Defect: A DEfect is a result of error. It can be called as bug. It occurs when the behaviour of actual software is not same as the client expectation.

  66. BASICS OF SOFTWARE TESTING:The software is set of programs developed for specific purpose. ex: internet banking software, flight reservation system, mobile applications, operating systems
    To understand the basics of software testing, the below terminologies are to be understood.
    Error:It is the mistake done by anyone in team due to time pressure,unsufficient requirements,assumptions etc.
    Defect: A defect occurs when behaviour of actual software developed by developer is not same as expectation of the client.
    Failure:The software is said to be a failure when it fails to perform in the real environment and also caused due to faults in the hardware system.

  67. The two terms related to software testing are Error and Failure.
    1.Error: Errors are caused by human mistake. eg: Different members of the IT team can make different kinds of errors. team make mistakes due to lethargy, time pressure, unclear or insufficient requirements, assumptions, complexity of requirements and various other reasons. These errors lead to defects or faults in the software.
    2. Defect : (result of the error)
    It refers to the fault in test environment. It occurs when behaviour of actual software is not same as expectation of the client.

  68. Error-The error is a human mistake.
    Defect -Defect is a result of the error. The defect is also termed as a fault.
    Failure-Failure is a consequence of defect. The software is said to be a failure when it fails to perform in the real environment.

  69. Defects: Defects is a variance between expected results and actual results of execution of the test cases on the system. An Error found by the tester is called as defects or bugs.

    Failure: It is the inability of a system or component to perform required function according to its specifiation.

  70. 1. Error: The error is a human mistake that can be committed by anyone in the IT team during the different phases of software development. for Example : BA (Business analyst) may have misunderstood or misinterpreted the requirements.

    2. Defect: A defect is a result of the error. A defect occurs when behavior of actual software developed by developer is not same as expectation of the client.

  71. Error: it is when errors are committed by anyone in the IT team during the different phases of software development. Humans are bound to make mistakes.
    defect: It is when behavior of actual software developed by developer is not same as expectation of the client. A defect is also called fault.

  72. Error: error is a mistake made by human for example, developer or BA might have misunderstood a requirement
    Defect: defect is caused because of the error in the software development
    Failure: failure happens when software implementation fails in the real environment

  73. Error is a human mistake .It can be done by the tester, or BA misunderstood or misinterpreted the requirements. The client may have provided insufficient or incorrect information which may lead to an error.

    A defect is a result of the error. Defect is a synonym of bug. The bug usually refers to the fault in development environment and defect refers to the fault in test environment.

  74. The basic terms related to software testing
    ERROR: Error is also considered as human mistake done by any one in the IT team. It can be occured due to misunderstanding, misinterpretation, or lack of information of the requirement.
    DEFECT: Defect is also known as bug. Defects will occurs when the actual software is not same as expected by the client.

  75. The two basic terms related to software testing with their meaning:
    Error: An error is a human mistake at any step while developing software. Error in gathering information by BA, errors in coding due to time constraints by developers are few examples.
    Defect: Defect is an outcome of error at any step while developing software. Defect can be termed as software not performing as per the requirement because of an error by the developer in coding or an error in requirement gathering by BA.

  76. Assignment No: 4
    1. List any two basic terms related to software testing with their meaning in two sentences.
    a) Error: Errors can be committed by any one not only by the IT team but by the client too. Errors are called as human mistake. Errors are prone to be in many ways because of pressure, personal issues etc.,
    b) Failure : – The main consequence of failure is defect, if defects are not fixed, the software may fail in the real environment. It can include some environment conditions also like magnetism, electronic fields, radiations, pollutions, chemical effects etc.,

  77. Error: Human mistakes, miscommunication. Software not providing what the client was seeking

    Defect: A result of the error. When an error has not been addressed prior to any creation. Defects are created in the test environment while bugs are a result of having a fault during the development environment.

    Failure: A failure is a consequence of a defect.

  78. Defect : Any fault occurred in the test environment is called a defect. It is result of an error. It occurred when behavior of developed s/w is different than expected by the client.
    Failure : It is the consequence of the defect. S/w can stop performing due to few reasons that includes s/w defects, hardware faults and environment conditions like magnetism, electronic fields, radiations, pollution and chemical effects.

  79. Defect: It is a result of error also sometimes a synonym of bug. A defect occurs when the behavior of the developed software is different from the expectation of the client.
    Failure :It is a consequence of the defect. The software is a failure when it fails to perform in a real environment. Failure could be caused due to faults in the hardware system or environment conditions.

  80. List any two basic terms related to software testing with their meaning in two sentences.
    1. Bug: It is a error or fault made in the development environment.
    2. Defect: Defect is the fault in the test environment. when the actual software doesn’t meet the client expection then it is defective.

  81. The errors occur when there is insufficient requirements by client, misunderstood the requirements by business analyst, logical errors in the program by developers. The defect is the cause of error. It is also called as bug. But the term bug is used in development environment and the term defect is used in testing environment. Failure is the consequence of defect. It means the software fails to perform in real environment. So testing is important to improve the quality of software.

  82. Error: The error is a human mistake. The errors can be committed by anyone in the IT team during the different phases of software development.
    Defect: A defect is a result of the error. The defect is also termed as a fault.

  83. Error is a human mistake. A BA might have misunderstood the requirements, developers have logical errors in their programs, clients provided insufficient or incorrect information, or an architect has a flaw in the software design. A defect or fault is the result of the error. Defects occur when the behavior of actual software is not the same as the expected results of the client. Failure is the consequence of defects. It is a failure when software fails to perform in the real environment.

  84. 4. List any two basic terms related to software testing with their meaning in two sentences.
    Defect : It can be simply defined as a variance between expected and actual. The defect is an error found AFTER the application goes into production. It commonly refers to several troubles with the software products, with their external behavior or with its internal features. In other words, a Defect is a difference between expected and actual results in the context of testing. It is the deviation of the customer requirement.

    Error: An error is a mistake, misconception, or misunderstanding on the part of a software developer. In the category of the developer, we include software engineers, programmers, analysts, and testers. For example, a developer may misunderstand a de-sign notation, or a programmer might type a variable name incorrectly – leads to an Error. It is the one that is generated because of the wrong login, loop or syntax. The error normally arises in software; it leads to a change in the functionality of the program.

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