Scala will be a short scalable language, and also a hybrid functional programming language. It is developed by Martin Odersky. Scala smoothly integrates the features of the language of object-oriented functional languages. This Scala is compiled to execute on the java virtual machine. There are many companies that depend on Java applications for any business-critical applications that are turning to Scala to boost their development productivity applications scalability and overall reliability. It has features of both an object-oriented programming language and functional programming. It is developed to compete with Java.
Scala is object-oriented and purely follows the object-oriented features in that sense where the object is having every value. There are types and behaviour of objects that are described by classes and also traits. Classes will be extended by subclassing and also flexible mixin-based composition mechanism as a clean replacement for multiple inheritances.
Scala functional:
Scala will also be a functional language wherein sense that every function will be a value and every value will be an object finally every function of the object. Scala always gives the lightweight syntax for defining anonymous functions, as it supports currying.
Scala Vs Java
Scala has a set of features that completely differ from Java.
It is having all types that are objects
It is type inference
Nested Functions
Functions will be objects
Domain-specific language support
Traits
Closures
Concurrency support will be inspired by Erlang.
Scala Web Frameworks
Scala is used everywhere which is very important in enterprise web applications. Scala web frameworks
- Lift framework
This lift is an important powerful framework today. It has many distinguishing features when compared to other frameworks. There are features
Secure – There are lift apps that are resistant to common vulnerabilities that include OWASP top 10.
Developer centric- Lift apps are fast build, concise and easy to maintain.
Designer friendly- Lift apps may be created in a totally designer-friendly way.
Scalable- Lift apps will be high performance and scale in the real world to manage the traffic levels.
- Play Framework
This depends on the lightweight, stateless, web-friendly architecture. This play gives predictable and minimal resource consumption for highly scalable applications.
- Bowler Framework
The bowler quick start will be the skeleton of the project and bowler app which gets us up running with a minimal Bowler app which can adapt in no time.
Scala programming:
If we are good at Java then we can understand Scala very easily. The only difference between Scala and java is that the ‘;’ line end character will be optional.
When we consider a scala program it will be defined as the collection of objects that may communicate by activating other‘s methods.
Objects– It is having a state of behaviours. A class has an instance i.e. Object. Example-A dog has states-colour, name, breed as well behaviours- wagging, barking and eating.
Class– A class can explain as a template/blueprint that explains the behaviours/states that are connected to class.
Methods– Method is comparatively a behaviour. A class may contain many methods. It is a method where the logic will be written, data is manipulated and also actions are executed.
Fields-In this each object will have a unique set of instance variables, which it will be called fields. An object’s state will be created by the values that are assigned to these fields.
Closure– Closure will be considered as a function whose return value depends will be on the value of one or more variables that are considered outside the function.
Traits– Trait encapsulates method and also field definitions which may be defined and also reused by mixing them into the classes.
Scala Program
There are two methods of executing the Scala program one is an interactive method and the script method.
Interactive Method
First, we have to open the command prompt and use the following to open the scala
\>scala
If the scala is installed in our system the output will be as such
Welcome to Scala version 2.9.0.1
Type in expressions to have them evaluated.
Type: help for more information.
By typing the following text the right of the scala prompt and also press the Enter key.
scala> println(“Hello, Scala!”);
Script Mode
We have to open the notepad and type the following
object HelloWorld {
/* This is my java program.
* It will display ‘Hello World’ as the output
*/
def main(args: Array[String]) {
println(“Hello, world!”) // prints Hello World
}
}
We have to save the file as Hellohi.scala
Questions
- What is Scala? How it is used
- What are two types of Scala?
